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Samanea saman

(Jacq.) Merr. (1916)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Genus: Samanea

‘ohai [ohai], monkeypod, pū ‘ohai [pu ohai], rain tree

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Trees up to 25 m tall, with a broad spreading crown, bark gray, rough, furrowed into thin plates.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves compound. Alternate. Blades with (2)4–7 pairs of pinnae, leaflets 2–10 pairs per pinna; leaflets 1.5–6 cm long, 0.7–4 cm wide, asymmetrical, obliquely ovate to subrhombic. Upper surfaces glossy and glabrous; lower surfaces puberulent to velvety puberulent. Leaflet margins entire. Leaflets with a diagonal midrib. Petioles with nectary glands. Stipules deciduous, lanceolate.

Flowers: Flowers ca. 12–14 mm long, the central one larger, in solitary heads 2–2.5 cm in diameter (excl. stamens), in pedunculate, axillary, corymbose heads, dimorphic within each head, a central larger flower 7–8-merous, surrounded by smaller perfect flowers. Flowers bisexual (perfect), mimosaceous. Calyx green, 6.5–7.5 mm long, lobed. Corolla funnelform, 5-lobed, pink with green lobes 10–13 mm long. Stamens up to 30 mm long; filaments connate up to ½ their length, exserted. Ovary superior.

Fruit: Pods black or dark brown; sausage–shaped and succulent when young; sutures thickened; 15–20 cm long; 1.5–2.5 cm wide; irregularly constricted; flat; irregularly dehiscent; mesocarp moderately to well–developed; succulent when young; endocarp forming septate envelopes around each seed. Seeds transversely arranged; ca. 9 mm long and 5 mm in diameter; slightly laterally flattened; with a central areole and pleurogram ca. 7 mm long and 3 mm wide; seeds several; with a distinct; horseshoe–shaped areole with a pleurogram.

Ploidy: 2n = 26

Habitat: Disturbed areas.

Elevation Range: 15–300 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Ethnobotanical Images

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Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kuaihelani (Midway Atoll) Only found in cultivation
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Birds

Pollinators

Notes

  • 15-300 m
  • Description digitized by Olivia Kraus
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
  • introduced prior to 1871
  • probably on all main islands, but documented only on oahu and hawaii

Bibliography

Name Published In: J. Washington Acad. Sci. 6: 47 (1916)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:696 (O, H); Lorence et al. 1995:37 (K); Oppenheimer & Bartlett 2002:8 (WM); Staples & Herbst 2005:298 (KEY), 324 (DESCR); Oppenheimer 2007:24 (Mo)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Honolulu, Kalihi St PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Grant, M.L. 7107 Oahu BISH 7/18/1934
2 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Honolulu: Manoa Valley; University of Hawaii Manoa Campus; # 43 on map PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 546 Oahu BISH 8/26/1967
3 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Honolulu, Kalihi St. near Bishop Museum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hume, E.P. s.n. Oahu BISH 6/10/1931
4 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. university of hawaii campus at manoa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN krajina, v.j. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 4/28/1962
5 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. lower part of halepuaa Forest Reserve in the Puna District PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. 79.206 Hawaii BISH 3/7/1979
6 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. honolulu wet koa, ohia forest, native trees and shrubs, treefern PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. martinez, m. collector number: 10683 Hawaii BISH 6/4/1936
7 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. W Maui, Lahaina District, Kahana Valley Naturalized along valley bottom. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Collector Number: H40004 Maui BISH 4/5/2000
8 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. W Maui, Lahaina District, Kahana Valley Naturalized along valley bottom. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Kunna, J. Collector Number: H40004 Maui BISH 4/5/2000
9 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. Collector Number: 14201 Oahu BISH 7/8/1937
10 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. In the lower part of Halepuaa Forest Reserve in teh Puna District Found infrequently scattered throughtout the lower part of teh reserve. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. 79,261 Hawaii BISH 5/10/1979
11 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Honolulu, Manoa Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 4/6/1937
12 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. honolulu: manoa valley; university of hawaii manoa campus; # 43 on map PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 546 Hawaii BISH 8/26/1967
13 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Kawela Sparingly naturalized along the S shore among Java Plum, Kiawe, and mangrove thickets. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Collector Number: H120636 Molokai BISH 12/10/2006
14 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. U.H. Campus PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Krajina, V.J. s.n. Oahu BISH 4/28/1962
15 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. w maui, lahaina district, kahana valley Naturalized along valley bottom. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. kunna, j. collector number: h40004 Maui BISH 4/5/2000
16 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Kawainui Marsh, along Quarry Road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Smith, L.B. 136 Oahu BISH 5/24/1976
17 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 4/1/1937
18 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oahu BISH 1/1/1937
19 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. kalalau valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN davis, j. collector number: s.n. Kauai BISH 7/18/1984
20 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 14201 Maui BISH 7/8/1937
21 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH
22 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Honolulu, near Salt Lake PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Meebold, A. s.n. Oahu BISH 6/1/1932
23 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. W Maui, Lahaina District, Kahana Valley Naturalized along valley bottom. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H40004 Maui BISH 4/5/2000
24 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. u.h. campus PRESERVED_SPECIMEN krajina, v.j. Oahu BISH 4/28/1962
25 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Kamuela, Kamuela Hardwoods HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/23/2020
26 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. on the island of oahu in kalihi. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN heller, a.a. 2332 MEL
27 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. University of Hawaii Campus at Manoa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Krajina, V.J. s.n. Oahu BISH 4/28/1962
28 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Honolulu, Bishop Museum campus, parking lot on North side of campus near the Pauahi building Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kennedy, B. 48 Oahu BISH 4/17/1996
29 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. UH Manoa HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Oahu 1/9/2020
30 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Kona, coffee plantation HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 4/25/2009
31 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oahu BISH 8/8/1937
32 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. UH Manoa Campus HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Oahu 3/28/2002
33 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. honolulu, near salt lake PRESERVED_SPECIMEN meebold, a. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 6/1/1932
34 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. honolulu, bishop museum campus, parking lot on n side of campus near the natural pauahi building branch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN kennedy, b. asquith, a. collector number: 48 Oahu BISH 4/17/1996
35 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Hilo, park HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/5/2007
36 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Kapiolani HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Oahu 11/1/2002
37 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. kapiolani park, near enterance to zoo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. Oahu BISH 6/8/1952
38 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. honolulu, king st., grounds of mckinley high school PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. Oahu BISH 4/18/1948
39 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. w maui, lahaina district, kahana valley Naturalized along valley bottom. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h40004 Maui BISH 4/5/2000
40 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. honolulu, bishop museum, atherton halau full sun PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lau, j. collector number: 1083 Oahu BISH 6/13/1985
41 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. lower part of halepuaa forest reserve in the puna district PRESERVED_SPECIMEN clarke, g. collector number: 79.206 Oahu BISH 3/7/1979
42 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. honolulu, manoa valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. Oahu BISH 4/6/1937
43 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. honolulu, tantalus drive PRESERVED_SPECIMEN little jr., e.l. collector number: 31006 Oahu BISH 8/5/1976
44 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Sand Island, Nimitz Ave., outside of Midway Bowling Alley Pritchardia, Cordia sebestena, Stenotaphrum secundatum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Starr, F. 080611-03 Midway Atoll BISH 6/11/2008
45 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. kawainui marsh, along quarry road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN smith, l.b. collector number: 136 Oahu BISH 5/24/1976
46 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. honolulu, kalihi st. near bishop museum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hume, e.p. Oahu BISH 6/10/1931
47 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Honolulu, Old Naval Station PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Garber, D.W. 73 Oahu BISH 11/17/1919
48 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. In the lower part of Halepuaa Forest Reserve in teh Puna District Found infrequently scattered throughtout the lower part of teh reserve. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. Collector Number: 79,261 Hawaii BISH 5/10/1979
49 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. honolulu, old naval station PRESERVED_SPECIMEN garber, d.w. collector number: 73 Oahu BISH 11/17/1919
50 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Kuia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H40108 Maui PTBG 4/8/2001
51 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. honolulu, bishop museum campus, parking lot on north side of campus near the pauahi building Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN kennedy, b. asquith, a. collector number: 48 Oahu BISH 4/17/1996
52 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. in the lower part of halepuaa forest reserve in teh puna district forest, foggy at night PRESERVED_SPECIMEN clarke, g. collector number: 79,261 Oahu BISH 5/10/1979
53 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Sand Island, Nimitz Ave., outside Midway Bowling Alley Pritchardia, Cordia sebestena, Stenotaphrum secundatum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Starr, F. 080611-03 Midway Atoll BISH 6/11/2008
54 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Kapiolani Park, near enterance to zoo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 6/8/1952
55 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. sand island, nimitz ave., outside of midway bowling alley Pritchardia, Cordia sebestena, Stenotaphrum secundatum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN starr, f. starr, k. collector number: 080611-03 Midway Atoll BISH 6/11/2008
56 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. sand island, nimitz ave., outside midway bowling alley moist forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN starr, f. starr, k. collector number: 080611-03 Oahu BISH 6/11/2008
57 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. kailua overlook, on pali hwy Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. r. annable 3087 NY 10/28/1996
58 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Bishop Museum, Atherton Halau. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Joel Lau 1083 Oahu PTBG 6/13/1985
59 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai Valley. Big Valley, E side. elevation ca. 35-40 m. Growing in secondary thicket. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 7612 Kauai PTBG 12/5/1994
60 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Puuhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park exotic vegetation, coastal and inland trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. 10255 Hawaii BISH 4/7/1984
61 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Kailua Overlook, on Pali Hwy Mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3087 NY 10/28/1996
62 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Lawai Valley. National Tropical Botanical Garden, McBryde Garden. Along road just W of Hort Center. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 7676 Kauai PTBG 9/12/2013
63 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Lawai Valley. National Tropical Botanical Garden. Along road between Native Plant Area and Bamboo Bridge. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 7231 Kauai PTBG 3/11/2005
64 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Kawela. Along the south shore among Java plum, kiawe, and mangrove thickets. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H120636 Molokai PTBG 12/10/2006
65 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Cultivated tree. No. 43 on map to campus trees and plants, Manoa Campus, U. of H. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 546 Oahu US 8/26/1967
66 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Kaneohe - Coral Gardens PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 13910 Oahu US 6/29/2016
67 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Martinez, -- 10683 Oahu US 6/4/1936
68 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. cultivated tree. no. 43 on map to campus trees and plants, manoa campus, u. of h. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 546 Oahu US 8/26/1967
69 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Tantalus, U.S. Experiment Station PRESERVED_SPECIMEN MacDaniels, L. H. 377 Oahu US 1/24/2027
70 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. tantalus, u.s. experiment station PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. macdaniels 377 Kauai US 1/24/1927
71 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Kawainui Marsh, along Quarry Rd. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Smith, L. B. 136 Oahu US 5/24/1976
72 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Montane wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kauai US
73 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. se part of oahu, tantalus dr., near honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. l. little jr. 31006 Oahu US 8/5/1976
74 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. In Kalihi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Heller, A. A. 2332 Oahu US 1895-00-00
75 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. SE part of Oahu, Tantalus Dr., Near Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Little Jr., E. L. 31006 Oahu US 8/5/1976
76 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. in kalihi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. a. heller 2332 Oahu US 1895-05-20
77 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & -- martinez 10683 Oahu US 6/4/1936
78 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. koloa district, lawai valley. cultivated plants of the national tropical botanical garden. along road between native plant area and bamboo bridge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN t. w. flynn 7231 Kauai US 3/11/2005
79 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. honolulu, kalihi st PRESERVED_SPECIMEN grant, m.l. collector number: 7107 Oahu BISH 7/18/1934
80 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Honolulu, King St., grounds of McKinley High School PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 4/18/1948
81 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 4/1/1937
82 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Koloa District, Lawai Valley. Cultivated plants of the National Tropical Botanical Garden. Along road between Native Plant Area and Bamboo Bridge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. W. 7231 Kauai US 3/11/2005
83 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. Martinez, M. Collector Number: 10683 Oahu BISH 6/4/1936
84 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 14201 Oahu BISH 7/8/1937
85 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Honolulu, Bishop Museum, Atherton Halau full sun PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. 1083 Oahu BISH 6/13/1985
86 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 10683 Oahu BISH 6/4/1936
87 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. kawainui marsh, along quarry rd. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. b. smith 136 Oahu US 5/24/1976
88 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Kawela Sparingly naturalized along the S shore among Java Plum, Kiawe, and mangrove thickets. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H120636 Molokai BISH 12/10/2006
89 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. puuhonua o honaunau national historical park dry mixed alien shrub dominated by Lantana PRESERVED_SPECIMEN higashino, p.k. stemmermann, r.l.; allen, m.s. collector number: 10255 Molokai BISH 4/7/1984
90 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Honolulu, Tantalus Drive PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Little Jr., E.L. 31006 Oahu BISH 8/5/1976
91 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. lower part of halepuaa Forest Reserve in the Puna District PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. Collector Number: 79.206 Hawaii BISH 3/7/1979
92 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. On the island of Oahu, in Kalihi. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Heller, A.A. 2332 AVH 1895-05-20
93 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Honolulu, Bishop Museum campus, parking lot on N side of campus near the Natural Pauahi building PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kennedy, B. 48 Oahu BISH 4/17/1996
94 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. kawela Sparingly naturalized along the S shore among Java Plum, Kiawe, and mangrove thickets. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h120636 Molokai BISH 12/10/2006
95 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. kaneohe - coral gardens PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 13910 Oahu US 6/29/1916
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